The only thing I would do before introducing an untested chemical into a fuel system is buy a set of injector o-rings and soak them in the chemical. The OEMs had a hard time with alcohol because the materials they were using were not alcohol compatible some years ago. This is obviously no longer true. If the o-ring are undamaged by the new fuel component, then it's probably not harmful to the fuel system.
I am a skeptic, but I've never heard of using acetone. Toluene and xylene are well known octane boosters. The only negative about any of these three is they are considered "dry" meaning if you run any significant quantity of any of these you should add a small amount of oil to prevent fuel pump and fuel injector wear. At the concentrations suggested in the article, I would have no concerns at all about acetone's dryness.
Anyone who has done research into combustion chamber dynamics will tell you that fuel atomization is the biggest problem for all engines, and the biggest contributor to unburned HC in the exhaust. If the author's assertion that acetone reduces the surface tension of the fuel, then it can be nothing but a good thing, and I would agree that we should have a national mandate to add acetone to all transportation fuels to help slow the arrival of the end of the petroleum age (it IS coming, and sooner than we'd all like to think).
I could go into a long discussion about droplet size and its effect on combustion efficiency (it's one of the things about engines I find particularly fascinating), but that will need to be another day. It would be simple to test the author's assertion about surface tension with a carburetted engine. If it needs to be rejetted after adding acetone, then it is doing what he suggests. If not, the acetone is not affecting surface tension.
I'd also avoid using nail polish remover. They put a bunch of oil in it to help minimize skin damage. You can buy pure acetone at most home improvement stores in conveniently sized containers.
FWIW, there was a product I tried about 5 years ago that was a polymer additive. They claimed it normalized the droplet size in the fuel and improved thermal efficiency (gas mileage). I tried it for about 6 months and saw no change what-so-ever. Of course this was a patented product. Anyone over 18 can buy acetone freely in all the states (AFAIK).
It's certainly worth trying as long as it does no damage to the fuel seals.